(tho;f;if tuyhWk; NghjidfSk;)
 

    gftj; gpNuikia gug;g te;j J}jUk;> gfte; ehk rq;fPh;j;jd Kiwapd; je;ijAkhd gfthd; = irjd;a kfhgpuG> tq;fhsj;jpYs;s etj;tPg efuj;jpd; xU gFjpahfpa =jhk khahg;g+hpy;> 1407 rfhg;j Mz;L (ngg;uthp> 1486-k; Mz;L) /ghy;Fzp ngsh;zkpapd; khiy Neuj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhh;. mtuJ je;ijahd> = [fd;dhj; kp];uh;> rpy;`l; khfhzj;jpy; xU fw;wwpe;j gpuhkzuhf ,Ue;jhh;. mr;rkaj;jpy; etj;tPgk; fy;tpf;Fk;> fyhrhuj;jpw;Fk; ngah;ngw;w ,lkhfj; jpfo;e;jjhy;> mth; jkJ fy;tpiaj; njhlh;tjw;fhf etj;tPgj;jpw;F te;J Nrh;e;jhh;. =y ePyhk;gu rf;futh;j;jp etj;tPgj;ijr; Nrh;e;j rpwe;j gz;bjuhthh;. mtuJ kfshd =kjp rr;rpNjtpiaj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l gpd;> mth; fq;iff; fiuapy; FbNawpdhh;.

    [fe;ehj; kp];uUf;Fk; mtuJ kidtpahd =kjp rr;rpNjtpf;Fk; rpy ngz; Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jdh;. mth;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikapdh; ,sk; tajpNyNa ,we;J tpl;ldh;. ,Wjpapy; ngw;Nwhhpd; ghrj;ij mDgtpf;f = tp];t&gh; kw;Wk; tp];tk;guh; Mfpa ,U Gj;jpuh;fs; kl;LNk kpQ;rpdh;. mth;fspy; gj;jhtjhfg; gpwe;jtUk;> ,isatUkhd tp];tk;guh; Ntg;g kuj;jbapy; gpwe;jjdhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; epkha; gz;bjh; vd;Wk;> mjd;gpwF Jwtw tho;it Vw;wgpd;> gfthd; = irjd;a kfhgpuG vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lhh;. ehw;gj;njl;L Mz;Lfshf gy cd;djkhd nray;fis ntspg;gLj;jpa gfthd; = irjd;a kfhgpuG> 1455 rfhg;j Mz;by; g+hpapy; kiwe;jUspdhh;.

    mtuJ Kjy; ,Ugj;Jehd;F Mz;Lfis mth; etj;tPgj;jpy; khztuhfTk;> FLk;g];juhfTk; fopj;jhh;. mtuJ kidtpahd =kjp yf;\;kpgphpah> gfthd; ntspa+Uf;Fr; nrd;wpUe;j rkaj;jpy; ,sk;tajpNyNa ,we;JNghdhh;. fpof;F tq;fhsj;jpypUe;J mth; jpUk;gp te;jJk;> mtuJ jhahhpd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb> ,uz;lhtJ kidtpahf =kjp tp\;Zgphpah Njtpia mth; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhh;. gfthd; ,Ugj;J ehd;F tajpy; Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhz;lnghOJ> tp\;Zgphpah Njtpf;F gjpdhW taNj epuk;gpapUe;jJ. ,jdhy; mtuJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; mth; gpuGtpd; gphpTj; JaUlNdNa tho;e;J te;jhh;.

    re;epahrk; Vw;w gfthd;> jkJ jhahuhd =kjp rr;rpNjtpapd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;fp> [fe;ehj; g+hpiaNa jkJ jiyikakhff; nfhz;lhh;. 24 Mz;Lfs; gfthd; g+hpapNyNa jq;fpapUe;jhh;. ,jpy; MW tUlq;fSf;F mth; ,e;jpah KOtJk;> Fwpg;ghfj; njd;dpe;jpah KOtJk; Rw;Wg; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L> =kj; ghftjj;ijg; gpurhuk; nra;jhh;. gfthd; irjd;ah; =kj; ghftjj;ijg; gpurhuk; nra;jJld;> gftj; fPijapd; NghjidfisAk; eilKiwf;F Vw;w tifapy; gpurhuk; nra;jhh;. gftj; fPijapy; gfthd; = fpU\;zh; KOKjw; flTshf rpj;jhpf;fg;gLfpwhh;. NkYk; xUth; vy;yh tifahd topghl;L KiwfisAk; iftpl;L> gfthd; = fpU\;zh; xUtiu kl;LNk topghl;Lf;Fhpa %h;j;jpahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj fPijapy; gfthDila filrp cgNjrkhFk;. gfthDila gf;jh;fs; vy;yh tifahd ght tpisTfspypUe;Jk; fhg;ghw;wg; gLthh;fs; vd;Wk;> ftiyg;glf; fhuzkpy;iy vd:Wk; gpwF gfthd; cWjpaspf;fpwhh;.

    Jujp\;ltrkhf> gfthd; = fpU\;zh; Neubahf cj;juTfisAk;> fPijapd; NghjidfisAk; mspj;jpUe;j NghjpYk;> mwptw;wth;fs; mtiu rhpj;jpug; Gfo;ngw;w kdpjuhf jg;ghfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,jdhy; mtiu Mjpahd gukGU\ gfthdhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s kWf;fpwhh;fs;. ,j;jifa mwptw;w kdpjh;fs; gf;juy;yhjth;fshy; jtwhd topapy; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,t;thwhf gftj; fPijapd; Nghjidfs; ngUk; gz;bjh;fshYk; $l jg;ghf tpsf;fg; gLfpd;wd. gfthd; = fpU\;zhpd; kiwTf;Fg; gpwF fw;wwpe;j gz;bjh;fs; fPijf;F E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd ciufis vOjpAs;sdh;. Mdhy; mtw;wpy; ngUkghyhd ciufs; Raey Nehf;fj;Jld; vOjpaitahFk;.

    =fpU\;z irjd;a kfhgpuG gfthd; = fpU\;zNuahthh;. Mdhy;> ,k;Kiw mth; nghJkf;fs;> rkathjpfs; kw;Wk; jj;Jtthjpfs; MfpNahUf;F> MjpGU\Uk;> rh;t fhuzq;fSf;Fk; fhuzkhdtUkhd gftd; = fpU\;zhpd; cd;djkhd epiyiag; gw;wp gpurhuk; nra;tjw;fhf kpfr;rpwe;j gftj; gf;juhf mth; Njhd;wpdhh;. gpUe;jhtdj;jpy; ee;j kfhuh[dpd; Gjy;tuhfj; Njhd;wpa = fpU\;zNu gukGU\ gfthd; vd;gjhy; mtNu vy;NyhUila topghl;Lf;Fk; chpath; vd;gNj mtuJ gpurhuj;jpd; rhuhk;rkhFk;. gpUe;jhtdk; gfthdpypUe;J NtWgl;ljy;y. Vnddpy; gfthDila ngah;> Gfo;> cUtk; kw;Wk; mth; mtjhpf;Fk; ,lk; Mfpa midj;Jk; gfthDld; vy;yh tpjj;jpYk; xj;jpUf;fpd;wd. vdNt gfthidg; NghyNt gpUe;jhtdKk; topglj; jFe;jjhFk;. gfthdplk; J}a md;G nfhz;L mtiu topgLtNj> kpfTah;e;j cd;djkhd topghl;L KiwahFk;.

    gfthd; = irjd;a kfhgpuGTk; ,Jjhd; kpfr;rpwe;j topghl;L Kiw vd;W rpghhpR nra;fpwhh;. =kj; ghftj GuhzNk gfthidg; Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fhpa Fiwaw;w ,yf;fpak; vd;gij mth; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;.  NkYk; gpNuik epiyia> my;yJ gftj; gpNuikia miltNj kdpjdpd; Kbthd Nehf;fk; vd;gijAk; mth; gpurhuk; nra;jhh;.

    gfthd; = irjd;ahpd; gf;jh;fshd =y tpUe;jhtdjh]; jhFuh;> = Nyhrd; jh]; jhFuh;>  =y fpU\;zjh] ftpuh[ Nfh];thkp> = ftpfh;zGuh;> = gpuNghjhde;j ru];tjp> = &g Nfh];thkp> = rdhjd Nfh];thkp> = Nfhghyg;gl;l Nfh];thkp> = [Pt Nfh];thkp> = uFehjgl;l Nfh];thkp> = uFehj;jh]; Nfh];thkp MfpNahUk;> fle;j ,UE}W Mz;LfSf;Fs; Njhd;wpath;fshd =  tp];tehj rf;futh;jp jhFuh;> = gyNjt tpj;ahg+\zh;> = rpahkhde;j Nfh];thkp> = eNuhj;jk jh]; jhFuh;> =y gf;jptpNehj; jhFuh; kw;Wk; ,Wjpahf =y gf;jp rpj;jhe;j ru];tjp jhFuh; MfpNahUk;> kw;Wk; gy Gfo;ngw;w gz;bjh;fSk;> gf;jh;fSk; gfthd; irjd;ahpd; tho;itAk;> NghjidfisAk; gw;wpa gy E}y;fisAk;> ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; jahhpj;Js;sdh;. ,j;jifa E}y;fs; midj;Jk;> Ntjq;fs;> Guhzq;fs;> cg ep\jq;fs;> ,uhkhazk;> kfhghujk; Nghd;w rh];jpuq;fisAk; Mjhukhff; nfhz;Ls;sd. NkYk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l Mr;rhhpahh;fshYk; mit Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;L cs;sd. ,it jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;j xg;gw;w Qhd E}y;fshFk;. Jujp\;ltrkhf ,e;E}y;fisg; gw;wp cyf kf;fs; ,d;Dk; mwpahkNyNa cs;sdh;. Mdhy; ngUk;ghYk; rk];fpUj kw;Wk; tq;fhs nkhopfspNyNa cs;s ,e;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; cyf kf;fspd; ftdj;jpw;F te;J> rpe;jpf;fj; njhpe;j kf;fshy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; fhyk; tpiutpy; tUk;. mg;NghJ ,e;jpahtpd; ngUikAk;> mjd; md;Gr; nra;jpAk; cyifNa %o;fbj;J tpLk;. 

    gfthd; irjd;ahpd; tho;f;if kw;Wk; cgNjrq;fisg; gw;;wpa ,r;rpW tpsf;fj;ijg; gbg;gth;fs;> =y tpUe;jhtdjh]; jhFuh; (= irjd;a ghftjk;) kw;Wk; =y fpU\;zjh] ftpuh[ Nfh];thkp (= irjd;a rhpjhk;Ujk;) MfpNahhpd; E}y;fisg; gbg;gjhy; nghpJk; ed;ikailthh;fs;. gfthd; irjd;ahpd; Muk;g tho;itg; gw;wp irjd;a ghftjj;jpd; Mrphpah; kpfTk; mw;Gjkhf th;zpj;Js;shh;. NkYk; irjd;ahpd; cgNjrq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu mit irjd;a rhpjhk;Ujj;jpy; njspthf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,g;nghOJ ,t;TgNjrq;fisf; nfhz;l E}y;> gfthd; irjd;ahpd; Nghjidfs; (Teachings of Lord Caitanya) vDk; ngahpy; Mq;fpyj;jpy; ntspte;Js;sJ. gfthd; irjd;ahpd; rk fhyj;jtUk;> mtuJ Kf;fpakhd gf;jh;fspy; xUtUkhd =y Kuhhp Fg;jh; gfthdpd; ,staJ tho;it  Fwpj;J itj;Js;shh;. ,th; mf;fhyj;jpy; xU kUj;Jtuhf ,Ue;jhh;. NkYk; = irjd;a kfhgpuGtpd; gw;gFjp tho;T = jhNkhju Nfh];thkp> my;yJ =y nrh&g jhNkhjuuhy; Fwpj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,th; = irjd;ahpd; me;juq;fr; nrayhsUk;> g+hpapy; mtuJ ,izgphpah Njhoukhf ,Ue;jhh;. ,t;tpU gf;jh;fSk;> = irjd;ahpd; vy;yh eltbf;iffisg; gw;wpAk; Fwpj;J itj;Js;sdh;. gpw;fhyj;jpy;> =y jhNkhju Nfh];thkp Kuhhp Fg;jh; MfpNahhpd; Fwp;g;Gg; Gj;jfq;fis (flrh) Mjhukhff; nfhz;Ljhd;> Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gfthd; irjd;aiug; gw;wpa E}y;fs; midj;Jk; njhFf;fg;gl;ld.

    vdNt gfthd; irjd;ah;> 1407 rfhg;j Mz;by; (1486-k; Mz;L)> /gy;Fzp ngsh;zkp jpdj;jd;W khiy Neuj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhh;. gfthdpd; tpUg;gg;gb md;W khiy re;jpu fpufzkhf ,Ue;jJ. fpufz Neuj;jpy; fq;ifapNyh> kw;w Gz;zpa ejpfspy; ePuhb> J}a;ikf;fhf Ntj ke;jpuq;fis cr;rhpg;gJ ,e;Jf;fspd; tof;fkhFk;. ,e;j re;jpu fpufzj;jpd;NghJ jhd; gfthd; = irjd;aUk; mtjhpj;jhh;. mg;nghOJ> `Nu fpU\;z `Nu fpU\;z fpU\;z fpU\;z `Nu `Nu  `Nu uhk `Nu uhk uhk uhk `Nu `Nu vDk; Gdpjkhd Xir ,e;jpah KOtjpYk; Koq;fpaJ. gfthdpd; gjpdhW ehkq;fisf; nfhz;l ,k;ke;jpuk; gy Guhzq;fspYk;> cgep\jq;fspYk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,k;ke;jpuk; fypAfj;jpd; (jhuf g;u`;k ehk) jhuf ke;jpuk; vd;W tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gfthdpd; ,g;Gdpj ehkq;fis Fw;wkpy;yhky; n[gpg;gjhy; mJ tPo;e;j Mj;khit ngsjpf ge;jj;jpypUe;J tpLtpf;Fk; vd;W rh];jpuq;fspy; rpghhpR nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. gfthdpd; vz;zw;w ehkq;fs; ,e;jpahtpYk;> ntspapYk; cs;sd. mg;ngah;fs; midj;Jk; gukGU\ gfthidNa Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd vd;gjhy;> mtw;iw n[gpg;gjhy; rkkhd ed;ikiag; ngwyhk;. Mdhy; ,g;gjpdhW ehkq;fs; Fwpg;ghf ,f;fypAfj;jpw;fhfNt rpghhpR nra;ag;gl;bUg;gjhy;> kf;fs; ,tw;iw ed;F gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz:Lk;. NkYk; Ntj rh];jpuq;fspd; tpjpfisg; gapw;rp nra;J ntw;wp ngw;w rpwe;j Mrhh;ah;fspd; topiaAk; mth;fs; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.  

    gfthdpd; mtjhuKk;> re;jpu fpufzKk; xNu rkaj;jpy; epfo;e;jJ gfthdpd; tpNr\khd mtjhu Nehf;fj;ijNa Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. ,f;fypAfj;jpy; gfthdpd; Gdpj ehkq;fisg;  ghLtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; gpurhuk; nra;tNj ,e;j Nehf;fkhFk;. ,e;j Afj;jpy; mw;g tp\aq;fSf;Fk; rz;ilfs; %s;fpd;wd. vdNtjhd; rh];jpuq;fs; jd;Ddh;T ngWtjw;Fg; nghJthd xU topia rpghhpR nra;fpd;wd. mJ gfthdpd; Gdpj ehkj;ijg; ghLtjhFk;. kf;fs; xd;W$b> mtuth; nkhopfspy;> fhJf;fpdpa ghly;fshy; gfthid Nghw;wpg; Gfoyhk;. ,ij Fw;wkpy;yhky; nra;jhy;> gq;Nfw;gth; gbg;gbahf Md;kPf gf;Ftj;ij miltJ epr;rak;. NtW fbdkhd Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;bajpy;iy. ,j;jifa $l;lq;fspy;> mwpthspfs;> mwptw;wth;fs;> gzf;fhuh;fs;> Vio> ,e;J> fpwp];jth;fs;> K];ypk;> INuhg;gpah;fs;> Mq;fpNyah;fs;> ,e;jpah;fs;> gpuhkzh;fs;> kw;Wk; midtUk; cd;djkhd Xirfisf; Nfl;L> ,jaj;jpYs;s mOf;Ffis J}a;ikg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. gfthdpd; mtjhu Nehf;fj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy;> cyf kf;fs; midtUk; gfthdpd; Gdpj ehkq;fis Vw;W> ehk rq;fPh;j;jdk; vDk; xNu kjj;ij jOtpf; nfhs;thh;fs;. mjhtJ> gfthd; = irjd;a kfhgpuGtpd; mtjhuj;Jld; mtuJ Gdpj ehkk; mtjhpj;Js;sJ.

     mth; jkJ jhapd; kbapy; Foe;ijahf ,Ue;jnghOJ> mtiur; Rw;wpapUe;j ngz;fs; iffisj; jl;bf;nfhz;L Gdpj ehkq;fsig; ghba caNdNa> mth; mOtij epWj;jptpLthh;. ,r;rk;gtj;ij mf;fk;gf;fj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; tpag;NghLk;> khpahijNahLk; fz;L fspj;jdh;. rpy rkaq;fspy; ,sk; ngz;fs; gfthid moitj;J> gpwF Gdpj ehkq;fisr; nrhy;yp mtuJ mOifia epWj;Jtjpy; Mde;jk; mile;jdh;.

njhlUk;